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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most serious acute Complication of type 1diabetes mellitus and  the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. It still carries high incidence rate at time of diagnosis. Study design: Hospital-based cross-sectional observational study conducted at Children Welfare Teaching Hospital /Medical City /Baghdad; including the admitted patients in ER. OBJECTIVE: To identify the frequency of ketoacidosis and associated risk factors at the onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in children and adolescents. METHODS: The demographic, clinical manifestation, laboratory data of 69 patients presented with DKA at the disease onset out of total 144 patients who were diagnosed as Type 1Diabetes Mellitus; during a one-year period from 1st of September 2017 to 31th of August 2018. Age distribution was categorized into three groups: 1- 5 years, <5 years, >10 years. DKA was defined as blood glucose ≥200 mg/ dl; blood PH < 7.3; associated with ketonuria and glucosuria. RESULTS: Of 69/144 patients (47.9%) presented with diabetic ketoacidosis at disease onset; 41 patients (59.4%) were females which was significant (P value 0.045); Mean age at diagnosis was 7.5± 3.4 years: with highest frequency (43.5%) in age group >5 years but (50%) of severe DKA patients were involved in younger age group ≤ 5 years. Family history of diabetes was found in 11 (15.9%) patients. Majority of primary caregivers had a low academic achievement just14 (20.3%) of them had higher education.  CONCLUSION: The frequency of childhood DKA at the disease onset was still high. Girls had a higher rate of occurrence. Younger age is associated with more severe DKA. Family history of diabetes and education level of the parents did not affect the frequency of DKA.

DOI

10.52573/ipmj.2020.169739

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