Endoscopic Spine Surgery, Challenges and Handicaps

Authors

Article Type

Research Paper

Abstract

Full-endoscopic spine surgical techniques were developed to minimize the invasiveness of traditional spine surgeries. The beginnings of full-endoscopic spine surgery date back to the early 1970s, when transforaminal endoscopic spine surgery was developed as an evolution of needle-based percutaneous endoscopic discectomy, Full-endoscopic spine surgery is carried out via a working channel endoscope and requires generation of an artificial working space assisted by a tubular retractor. 

Recommended Citation

(2023) "Endoscopic Spine Surgery, Challenges and Handicaps," Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal: Vol. 22 : Iss. 1 , Article 1.
Available at: https://doi.org/10.52573/ipmj.2023.178889